영어 스낵 모의고사

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1. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A common error in current Darwinian thinking is the assumption that “selfish genes” are the prime mover in evolution. In strict Darwinism the prime mover is environmental threat. In the absence of threat, natural selection tends to resist change. It is un-biological to “explain” behavioural change as resulting from genetic change or the ex vacuo emergence of domain-specific brain modules. Evolutionary psychologists surely know why brains evolved: as Cosmides and Tooby point out, brains are found only in animals that move. Brains are behavioural organs, and behavioural adaptation, being immediate and non-random, is vastly more efficient than genetic adaptation. So, in animals with brains, behavioural change is the usual first response to environmental threat. If the change is successful, genetic adaptation to the new behaviour will follow more gradually. Animals do not evolve carnivore teeth and then decide it might be a good idea to eat meat.
* ex vacuo: 무(無)에서의 ** carnivore: 육식 동물
 
2. 2022 Valestown Recycles Poster Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
 
3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
A musical score within any film can add an additional layer to the film text, which goes beyond simply imitating the actionviewed. In films that tell of futuristic worlds, composers, much like sound designers, have added freedom to create a world thatis unknown and new to the viewer. However, unlike sound designers, composers often shy away from creating unique pieces that reflect these new worlds and often present musical scores that possess familiar structures and cadences. While it is possible that this may interfere with creativity and a sense ofspace and time, it in fact \hspace{2.0cm}. Through recognizable scores, visions of the future or a galaxy far, far away can be placed within a recognizable context. Such familiarity allows the viewer to be placed in a comfortable space so that the film may then lead the viewer to what is an unfamiliar, but acceptable vision of a world different from their own.
* score: 악보 ** cadence: (율동적인) 박자
 

[4 ~ 5] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

There is evidence that even very simple algorithms can outperform expert judgement on simple prediction problems. For example, algorithms have proved more (a) accurate than humans in predicting whether a prisoner released on parole will go on to commit another crime, or in predicting whether a potential candidate will perform well in a job in future. In over 100 studies across many different domains, half of all cases show simple formulas make (b) better significant predictions than human experts, and the remainder (except a very small handful), show a tie between the two. When there are a lot of different factors involved and a situation is veryuncertain, simple formulas can win out by focusing on the most important factors and being consistent, while human judgement is too easily influenced by particularly salient and perhaps (c) irrelevant considerations. A similar idea is supported by further evidence that ‘checklists’ can improve the quality of expert decisions in a range of domains by ensuring that important steps or considerations aren’t missed when people are feeling (d) relaxed. For example, treating patients in intensive care can require hundreds of small actions per day, and one small error could cost a life. Using checklists to ensure that no crucial steps are missed has proved to be remarkably (e) effective in a range of medical contexts, from preventing live infections to reducing pneumonia.
* parole: 가석방 ** salient: 두드러진
*** pneumonia: 폐렴
4. 윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
 
5. 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

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