1. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
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The graph above shows the online shares of retail sales for each of six countries in 2012 and in 2019. The online share of retail sales refers to the percentage of retail sales conducted online in a given country. ① For each country, its online share of retail sales in 2019 was larger than that in 2012. ② Among the six countries, the UK owned the largest online share of retail sales with 19.7\% in 2019. ③ In 2019, the U.S. had the second largest online share of retail sales with 16.5\%. ④ In 2012, the online share of retail sales in the Netherlands was larger than that in France, whereas the reverse was true in 2019. ⑤ In the case of Spain and Italy, the online share of retail sales in each country was less than 5.0\% both in 2012 and in 2019.
2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Although the wonders of modern technology have provided people with opportunities beyond the wildest dreams of our ancestors, the good, as usual, is weakened by a downside. One of those downsides is that anyone who so chooses can pick up the virtual megaphone that is the Internet and put in their two cents on any of an infinite number of topics, regardless of their ① qualifications. After all, on the Internet, there are no regulations ② preventing a kindergarten teacher from offering medical advice or a physician from suggesting ways to safely make structural changes to your home. As a result, misinformation gets disseminated as information, and it is not always easy to ③ differentiate the two. This can be particularly frustrating for scientists, who spend their lives learning how to understand the intricacies of the world around them, only to have their work summarily ④ challenged by people whose experience with the topic can be measured in minutes. This frustration is then ⑤ diminished by the fact that, to the general public, both the scientist and the challenger are awarded equal credibility
* put in one’s two cents: 의견을 말하다 ** disseminate: 퍼뜨리다
*** intricacy: 복잡성
3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Thanks to newly developed neuroimaging technology, we now have access to the specific brain changes that occur during learning. Even though all of our brains contain the same basic structures, our neural networks are as unique as our fingerprints. The latest developmental neuroscience research has shown that the brain is much more malleable throughout life than previously assumed; it develops in response to its own processes, to its immediate and distant “environments,” and to its past and current situations. The brain seeks to create meaning through establishing or refining existing neural networks. When we learn a new fact or skill, our neurons communicate to form networks of connected information. Using this knowledge or skill results in structural changes to allow similar future impulses to travel more quickly and efficiently than others. High-activity synaptic connections are stabilized and strengthened, while connections with relatively low use are weakened and eventually pruned. In this way, our brains are continuously adapting and evolving
.[3점]
* malleable: 순응성이 있는 ** prune: 잘라 내다
① sculpted by our own history of experiences
② designed to maintain their initial structures
③ geared toward strengthening recent memories
④ twinned with the development of other organs
⑤ portrayed as the seat of logical and creative thinking
4. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?
One of the most widespread, and sadly mistaken, environmental myths is that living “close to nature” out in the country or in a leafy suburb is the best “green” lifestyle. Cities, on the other hand, are often blamed as a major cause of ecological destruction ― artificial, crowded places that suck up precious resources. Yet, when you look at the facts, nothing could be farther from the truth. ① The pattern of life in the country and most suburbs involves long hours in the automobile each week, burning fuel and pumping out exhaust to get to work, buy groceries, and take kids to school and activities. ② City dwellers, on the other hand, have the option of walking or taking transit to work, shops, and school. ③ The larger yards and houses found outside cities also create an environmental cost in terms of energy use, water use, and land use. ④ This illustrates the tendency that most city dwellers get tired of urban lives and decide to settle in the countryside. ⑤ It’s clear that the future of the Earth depends on more people gathering together in compact communities.
* compact: 밀집한
5. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
This makes sense from the perspective of information reliability.
The dynamics of collective detection have an interesting feature. Which cue(s) do individuals use as evidence of predator attack? In some cases, when an individual detects a predator, its best response is to seek shelter. ( ① ) Departure from the group may signal danger to nonvigilant animals and cause what appears to be a coordinated flushing of prey from the area. ( ② ) Studies on dark-eyed juncos (a type of bird) support the view that nonvigilant animals attend to departures of individual group mates but that the departure of multiple individuals causes a greater escape response in the nonvigilant individuals. ( ③ ) If one group member departs, it might have done so for a number of reasons that have little to do with predation threat. ( ④ ) If nonvigilant animals escaped each time a single member left the group, they would frequently respond when there was no predator (a false alarm). ( ⑤ ) On the other hand, when several individuals depart the group at the same time, a true threat is much more likely to be present. [3점]
* predator: 포식자 ** vigilant: 경계하는 *** flushing: 날아오름