영어 스낵 모의고사

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1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]
Environmental learning occurs when farmers base decisions on observations of “payoff” information. They may observe their own or neighbors’ farms, but it is the empirical results they are using as a guide, not the neighbors themselves. They are looking at farming activities as experiments and assessing such factors as relative advantage, compatibility with existing resources, difficulty of use, and “trialability” ― how well can it be experimented with. But that criterion of “trialability” turns out to be a real problem; it’s true that farmers are always experimenting, but working farms are very flawed laboratories. Farmers cannot set up the controlled conditions of professional test plots in research facilities. Farmers also often confront complex and difficult-to-observe phenomena that would be hard to manage even if they could run controlled experiments. Moreover farmers can rarely acquire payoff information on more than a few of the production methods they might use, which makes the criterion of “relative advantage” hard to measure.
* empirical: 경험적인 ** compatibility: 양립성
*** criterion: 기준
 
2. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?
Trends constantly suggest new opportunities for individuals to restage themselves, representing occasions for change. To understand how trends can ultimately give individuals power and freedom, one must first discuss fashion’s importance as a basis for change. The most common explanation offered by my informants as to why fashion is so appealing is ① that it constitutes a kind of theatrical costumery. Clothes are part of how people present ② them to the world, and fashion locates them in the present, relative to what is happening in society and to fashion’s own history. As a form of expression, fashion contains a host of ambiguities, enabling individuals to recreate the meanings ③ associated with specific pieces of clothing. Fashion is among the simplest and cheapest methods of self-expression: clothes can be ④ inexpensively purchased while making it easy to convey notions of wealth, intellectual stature, relaxation or environmental consciousness, even if none of these is true. Fashion can also strengthen agency in various ways, ⑤ opening up space for action.
* stature: 능력
 
3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
Prior to photography,
while painters have always lifted particular places out of their ‘dwelling’ and transported them elsewhere, paintings were time-consuming to produce, relatively difficult to transport and one-of-a-kind. The multiplication of photographs especially took place with the introduction of the half-tone plate in the 1880s that made possible the mechanical reproduction of photographs in newspapers, periodicals, books, and advertisements. Photography became coupled to consumer capitalism and the globe was now offered ‘in limitless quantities, figures, landscapes, events which had not previously been utilised either at all, or only as pictures for one customer’. With capitalism’s arrangement of the world as a ‘department store’, ‘the proliferation and circulation of representations achieved a spectacular and virtually inescapable global magnitude’. Gradually photographs became cheap mass-produced objects that made the world visible, aesthetic, and desirable. Experiences were ‘democratised’ by translating them into cheap images. Light, small and mass-produced photographs became dynamic vehicles for the spatiotemporal circulation of places.
* proliferation: 확산 ** magnitude: (큰) 규모
*** aesthetic: 미적인
 
4. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
A fascinating species of water flea exhibits a kind of flexibility that evolutionary biologists call adaptive plasticity.
(A) That’s a clever trick, because producing spines and a helmet is costly, in terms of energy, and conserving energy is essential for an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce. The water flea only expends the energy needed to produce spines and a helmet when it needs to.
(B) If the baby water flea is developing into an adult in water that includes the chemical signatures of creatures that prey on water fleas, it develops a helmet and spines to defend itself against predators. If the water around it doesn’t include the chemical signatures of predators, the water flea doesn’t develop these protective devices.
(C) So it may well be that this plasticity is an adaptation: a trait that came to exist in a species because it contributed to reproductive fitness. There are many cases, across many species, of adaptive plasticity. Plasticity is conducive to fitness if there is sufficient variation in the environment.
* spine: 가시 돌기 ** conducive: 도움되는
 
5. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.
If not, the robot might endlessly chase itself rather than the blocks
People involved in the conception and engineering of robots designed to perceive and act know how fundamental is the ability to discriminate oneself from other entities in the environment. Without such an ability, no goal-oriented action would be possible. ( ① ) Imagine that you have to build a robot able to search for blocks scattered in a room in order to pile them. ( ② ) Even this simple task would require that your machine be able to discriminate between stimulation that originates from its own machinery and stimulation that originates from the blocks in the environment. ( ③ ) Suppose that you equip your robot with an artificial eye and an artificial ar m to detect, grab, and pile the blocks. ( ④ ) To be successful, your machine will have to have some built-in system enabling it to discriminate between the detection of a block and the detection of its own arm. ( ⑤ ) Your robot would engage in circular, self-centered acts that would drive it away from the target or external goal.
* entity: 실재물(物)

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